Monday, July 29, 2013
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Tuesday, March 5, 2013
Setting Up Wireless Adapters and Network Interface Cards
For your client computers to connect to your WLAN, each of them must have a wireless adapter or wireless NIC. These adapters are small transceivers (radio transmitter/receivers) that allow your PC to send and receive radio signals. There are three main types of Wi-Fi adapters available for your WLAN: USB wireless adapters, wireless NICs, and PCMCIA cards.
A USB wireless adapter connects to your computer through its USB port. It is simple to install and enables you to adjust the location of the adapter to improve signal reception. You install a wireless NIC in a PCI slot within the computer, just like an Ethernet card; a wireless NIC installed within a computer saves desktop space. For a laptop computer, the best choice is a PCMCIA card adapter that fits in the laptop's PC card slot
Caution: Always turn off me Power to your computer when installing internal network adapters. You usually won't need to turn off the computer to insert PCMCIA cards or USB devices, but you may have to reboot to finish the installation.
Setting Up Wireless Adapters and Network Interface Cards
Any time you open the case of a computer you need to take special care. Always turn off the power and unplug the cord. Don't force adapters into PCI slots, and be careful of dropping things like screws into the case. You also should wear an anti-static wrist strap to avoid damaging components with static electricity.
Wireless adapters have two modes of operation, infrastructure and ad hoc. Installation of adapters is usually very simple. Once you install or connect the adapter to the client PC, Windows (assuming you are using Windows) usually recognizes the new hardware and prompts you to insert a disk with the appropriate drivers.
Even if you aren't using Windows, the configuration utility that comes with your adapter will lead you through the setup process and often automatically detects your access point and the channel that it is using. Manufacturers call the ability to automatically detect and select the channel frequency-agility.
Normally the software prompts you to select an SSID from a list of detected SSIDs. Assuming your AP is the only one in range, this will be a short list. You will then enter any other required information, such as encryption keys.
Note: Windows XP has a feature called Wireless Auto Configuration. This is a useful feature if your wireless adapter supports it Wireless Auto Configuration automatically configures your card to connect to a detected preferred network.
This means that you can have several saved configurations (home, work, coffee shop, and so on) and Windows XP automatically configures your card to connect when it detects those networks. It also can prevent your computer from accidentally connecting with another network (like your neighbor's).
The software also may prompt you to select a data speed. This is the minimum speed required to connect to your WLAN. Usually your card performs this selection automatically, based on the signal strength that it detects. If your signal strength fluctuates you can set this speed manually to a signal level that your adapter can reliably detect. There also are good security reasons for setting a high minimum connection speed.
Adapter setup should be a relatively painless process. In the event that you do run into problems, review your documentation and visit the manufacturer's Web site for updates and helpful troubleshooting tips.
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Monday, February 25, 2013
10 Fun Photo Christmas Card Ideas For Your Family Holiday Greeting
What are you going to do to make this year's photo Christmas cards really stand out? You don't have to fall back on the same old ideas this holiday. Here are ten suggestions to help you make this season's family greeting the best one yet.
1. Try a different spin on a traditional theme. This fall take a picture of the kids with a pumpkin snowman. Just stack three pumpkins, graduating in size with the biggest on the bottom and their stems removed. Paint a face on the top pumpkin, carve a small hole to hold the carrot nose, then put a Santa hat or wool cap on top and add a scarf. If you live near the beach, you can make a sand snowman instead.
2. Transform an ordinary photo Christmas card into a religious one by adding your favorite Bible verse. Look for a company that will let you create your own personalized message, instead of just sticking with the text shown on the sample.
10 Fun Photo Christmas Card Ideas For Your Family Holiday Greeting
3. Nothing is cuter than a holiday greeting that contains a photo of an adorable animal in a seasonal setting. The easiest way to achieve this look yourself is to take a picture of your sleeping dog or cat on top a sheet of wrapping paper or under the tree. Add the caption, "peace on earth" and wait for the "aaaahs".
4. Create a four seasons look with a multi photo Christmas card that has space for four photos. Then choose pictures of your kids from the past year during the winter, spring, summer and fall. Personalize it with the words, "thinking of you at Christmas...and all year, too!"
5. Is your little one a budding artist? He or she can help you to create a really unique holiday greeting. Ask him to draw a picture of the family with crayons. Then, it's your turn to cut out the faces of each family member from snapshots and glue them to the top of the crayon bodies. Take a close up photo of the masterpiece for this year's card.
6. Are you famous for your holiday baking? If you're always being asked for the recipe for one of your seasonal goodies, you can turn that into a fun photo Christmas card. Write out the directions on a pretty recipe card, then clip a family photo onto the card, perhaps of the kids baking cookies. Be careful not to cover any of the instructions with that picture. You might want to add the words, "wishing you a sweet Christmas".
7. For impact, try black and white with a touch of color. Your favorite photo with the kids in Santa hats can be changed into an artistic black and white picture with just the Santa hats in red. Most online photo Christmas card companies will do this for you at no extra charge.
8. Make a statement. What makes your family tick? Are you a bunch of beach bums, taking advantage of sun and surf every possible moment in the summer? Then include photos in your holiday greeting of the kids playing in the waves and building sand castles. Are you all sports enthusiasts? Then feature action shots of your children playing for their team. Are you involved in animal rescue, active in politics, big on barbecues, busy selling homemade jewelry at craft shows, passionate about your faith? Find a way to work it into your pictures. This year, instead of a posed portrait, give people a glimpse into your family dynamics.
9. Send a holiday greeting that takes a trip down memory lane. For this idea, you will need to select Christmas cards that feature multiple photos. Choose your current favorite family picture and then add one or more photos of the kids when they were younger for a then and now effect. You might want to ask the card company to change the older photos to black and white or make the current picture larger than the rest. Don't forget to add captions underneath indicating the year the photographs were taken.
10. If you're still looking for a fresh idea for this year's Christmas greeting, then it's time to browse. Start searching through the huge variety of designs in photo holiday cards online until you find one in particular that inspires you. Maybe it's a candy cane motif and you'll think of posing the kids with comically oversized candy canes. Or you'll fall in love with one that has a pale blue background with snowflakes, which might lead you to dress the family in shades of blue. Many times, it's easier to pick out the card first, which will set the tone for the pictures you want to include.
This year you can have an amazing photo Christmas card that gets rave reviews from friends and relatives. All it takes is a little inspiration and thought to make this season's greeting a one of a kind expression of your family.
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Linda Kling, as the owner of http://www.photo-party-favors.com, has offered ideas to people planning celebrations since 1992. She recommends these unique photo Christmas cards. Visit her website for free printable Christmas gift tags, recipes, more.
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Saturday, February 16, 2013
Bridal Shower Invitations & Wedding Announcements Cards Wordings, Verses & Sayings
Bridal Shower Invitations Wording Ideas, Wedding Announcements Wording Verses and Sayings for Wedding Invitations Cards
Of all the invitations, announcements and cards that are sent out for weddings, the wording is perhaps the most important. The sayings for these pieces of stationery will set the tone for the event and give guests a good idea as to what to expect. The most important pieces of stationery that are sent out need the best verses and this means paying particular attention to bridal shower invitations wording, wedding announcements sayings, wedding shower invitations verses and marriage announcements wedding. Bridal invitations wordings can be kept very fun and light, especially if the event is going to be a casual affair, such as a lingerie bridal shower.
Traditional bridal invitation wording could say, "Please join us for a bridal shower in honor of the bride-to-be, Elizabeth Clark," and follow with the details of the shower. Bridal showers can also be casual. For instance, a lingerie wording could say, "Elizabeth is about to walk down the aisle; Let's shower her with silk and lace that will make the groom smile." However formal the event, the bridal shower cards sayings needs to be focusing attention on the bride and the theme of the event.
Bridal Shower Invitations & Wedding Announcements Cards Wordings, Verses & Sayings
Events such as shower parties also require thank you cards. Thank you card wording should also keep within the theme of the event. If the shower was formal, with formal invitations and perhaps catering, the bridal thank you card wording should reflect that. The bride can generally write whatever she wishes on the inside of the card but the thank you card wording that's printed on the front of the card should say something such as, "I am filled with gratitude for your presence at my bridal shower." For something more casual such as a lingerie shower, the card wording could say, "Thanks for coming to my shower; I'm thrilled that you were there! To start my marriage off right, thanks for the underwear!"
Wedding announcements, elopement announcements and engagement announcements sayings will all be fairly alike. These cards are simply to tell people that you have wed, or that you will be wed. Elopement verses can be much like weddings and does not necessarily need to include the fact that you have eloped. Something such as, "Ms. Elizabeth Clark and Richard Dayton were married on June 30, 2007" would be appropriate.
Rehearsal dinner invitation can be a little bit tricky as many of the guests may not be sure what to expect from the rehearsal dinner. For a formal ceremony, the rehearsal dinner usually means rehearsing the ceremony, with dinner to follow. This rehearsal dinner invitation wording could say, "We request your presence at the rehearsal dinner on June 29th, to rehearse the ceremony with a delicious meal to follow." For a casual wedding there may be no actual rehearsal required so this rehearsal dinner invitation could say, "Let's sit down to eat together before the stress of the big day!"
Whatever stationery you are sending out, the wording is very important. Online retailers and wedding planners can help with unique wording ideas, verses and sayings that will be perfect for any piece of wedding mail you are sending out.
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s: Sarah Porter and Patti Paz are authors of various articles including Bridal Shower Invitations Wordings, Verses and Sayings, Unique Wedding Shower Wording Ideas, Wedding Announcements Wording Verses and more.
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Saturday, February 9, 2013
Instant Approval Credit Cards for Bad Credit
When applying online, most credit card companies offer instant approval. Credit cards for bad credit are designed for people who are unable to qualify for a regular credit card due to their bad credit history. Days are gone when a bad credit rating on a credit report prevented you from obtaining a credit card.
Today, you need to have a credit card for all purchases and transactions. If you have a bad credit rating, you would probably be attracted to marketing strategies, such as 'credit cards with bad debt' and 'credit card for bad credit history,' etc.
Most instant approval credit cards for bad credit are unsecured credit cards. Though you may not have to pay a down payment, these credit cards carry high interest rates. However, if you have a bad credit rating, obtaining credit cards with bad debt and then using them wisely may boost your credit rating.
Instant Approval Credit Cards for Bad Credit
To maintain a good credit here onwards, you must maintain good discipline and make smart credit decisions. Begin by maintaining low balances. Credit cards are not free money and so do not spend money frivolously. To avoid accumulating unnecessary debts, pay off the balance each month.
Bad Credit Cards Improve Credit Score
Companies providing bad credit credit cards provide monthly reports to four major credit bureaus. These credit bureaus maintain the credit history of millions of people around the country. Most credit card companies contact these bureaus to verify the credit rating of credit card and loan applicants. You can enhance your credit rating by timely paying your bad credit credit card dues for some time and after some time you become eligible for normal credit cards.
Tips for Selecting Bad Credit Credit Cards
People with bad credit are always on a lookout for offer of bad credit credit cards. These days you will find hundreds of offers such as bad credit instant guaranteed credit cards, instant bad credit loan approvals, credit card instant approval bad credit, instant approval credit cards bad credit, instant credit card approval for bad credit and many more.
Such offers are a big temptation for the persons with bad credit. However, you have to be careful in selecting any of such offers for credit cards and loans for bad credit because a wrong selection of Credit cards for bad credit could land you in a bigger financial mess.
When selecting instant approval credit cards for bad credit, ensure that you are not unscrupulously being charged for program fee, account set up fee and annual card fee, etc. You may be able to identify unsecured credit card companies that would charge an annual fee and little or no set up fee etc.
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Wednesday, February 6, 2013
Gas Credit Cards - Instant Approval?
It seems as if in this world, people only want to apply for a credit card that's going to approve them on the spot. While those cards are out there, you're going to want to make sure that you're reaching certain guidelines before you set out and fill out an application.
In order to get approved for an application, you must meet the following guidelines most of the time. Keep in mind that this is going to vary from card company to company.
Must have a good score: If you have a score of anything less than 750, you're going to have a hard time getting instant approval. It doesn't mean that you won't get approved, it's just going to mean that you're going to have to wait. Debt to income ratio: If you have 10 credit cards and a lot of debt, they will want to dig deep into this. If you have no debt, this is another big plus. History: If you haven't established credit for not that long, what you're going to find out is that most companies will want to dig deeper into your credit history to check.
Gas Credit Cards - Instant Approval?
Where can I get an instant approval card?
The first place that you should check is online. Many credit card companies will state that you can get an approval within seconds. They love to capitalize on this one, because they know that people are going to apply. If you don't see instant approval, there's a good chance that you won't get approved.
The next place that I would check into is the bank. Whether you work with a credit union, a major bank such as Chase, BofA, etc, you can walk into any branch and ask them about any cards that they have to offer. Explain your situation and see what they will say.
Do many gas cards give out instant approvals?
Yes! Reward card companies generally give out the most in terms of instant approvals. Since those that have great credit usually apply for rewards, you're going to find that if you find that if you have great credit and you meet the expectations up above, you're going to have a good chance at landing a card right away.
What kind of gas card company should I look into?
I would look into Discover, Citi, Chase, as well as Capital One. They all have a great line of cards and they should all meet your expectations.
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Sunday, February 3, 2013
Countries Which Celebrate Christmas
Christmas is a Christian holiday that celebrates the birth of Jesus. This feast was created by the pope to promote Christianity and remove pagan festivals celebrated at the winter solstice.
During the 4th century, the pope decided to bring the Christmas day on December 25th.
This day has always been represented by religious ceremonies and gifts and greetings exchange.
Countries Which Celebrate Christmas
Here are some Christmas symbols:
* The Advent consists of a burning candle each Sunday four weeks before December 24th; which symbolize the rebirth of light after the winter solstice.
* The December 24th Midnight Mass; which celebrates the birth of Jesus.
* The Christmas Crib; which symbolizes the birth of Jesus in Christian homes.
* The Christmas tree, a symbol from the pagan celebration and representing life.
* The Yule log; which represents the log that we put in the fireplace to warm up on December 24th Eve.
* Santa Claus, an American creation, inspired by the Christian Saint Nicholas (celebrated in Belgium, the Netherlands, Germany and Alsace). This character wears a luxurious red cape, he has a long white beard and wears a red miter, he also holds a golden crosier. Saint Nicholas rewards good children while his companion Pere Fouettard/Black Peter punishes nasty children) and the elf Yule Goat, celebrated in Scandinavian countries.
Over the centuries, Christmas has evolved and December 24th Eve with our family, replaced the religious ceremonies.
The gift exchange: luxurious for the rich people and useful - sometimes only one orange - for the poor people, has been replaced by the modern marketing. People not only buys gifts but also spend lots of money in decoration items, food, drink...
The secularization of our society removed the true meaning of Christmas Time; which is, obviously, becoming a pagan feast.
Here are some countries which celebrate Christmas:
Belgium:
We have a festival especially dedicated to children; which is Saint Nicholas (Sinter Klaas) on December 6th. The Great Patron of Schoolboys, who is supposed to bring candies in their shoes, brings in fact toys by the thousands to our children.
In Belgium, Noël is rather reserved for adults: the streets are decorated and illuminated, we decorate our houses, windows, gardens, trees. Belgium seems to forget that it is a Catholic country and closes more and more churches, therefore, the Midnight Mass on December 24th usually happens at 6 or 8 PM. We then eat with our family and at 12 PM we exchange our gifts. Children usually receive a book or some clothes.
Christmas Day has little meaning but practicing Catholic go to church. Belgian people visit their family on January 1st. In the Belgian Ardens, people celebrate December 31st.
France:
Noël is dedicated to children. The streets and the houses are decorated several weeks in advance. French people have lots of Christmas customs: Christmas Markets, tree, the Christmas Dinner, Pere Noel, gifts, stories, songs, turkey, The Christmas Crib, the Yule Log, and so on. In Alsace, however, Saint Nicholas predominates on Santa Claus.
The Netherlands:
They organize their St. Nicholas (Sinter Klaas) festival: the old bearded man traveling by boat and accompanied by many black aids, who distributes gifts to good children. Dutch people reserve the big gifts for Kerstmis Time because they profit for some great bargains after Sinter Klaas.
Germany:
Weinhachten in Germany lasts two days. On December 26th they visit their family and their friends. Christ-Kind offers gifts to the children on December 24th families and friends. Germany has also a Saint Nicholas festival on December 6th.
Great Britain:
This holiday is celebrated in England with enthusiasm. Children sing "Carols" in the streets, they eat the famous "Xmas Pudding" at the end their family dinner on December 25th. In England, Santa Claus fills the English children socks with gifts. British people also exchange greeting cards; which are a British creation.
Spain:
If Santa Claus has little importance in Spain (Magi distribute gifts to children on January 6th), Spanish people decorate the streets with lights during the month of December. The windows of the shops are filled with lots of gifts and Spanish celebrate the Navidad Evening with their family.
Portugal:
Natal Eve is a holiday. The Portuguese attend the Midnight Mass; which is the "Missa Do Galo". If there is no Christmas tree in Portugal, there is nevertheless a "Wooden Natal".
Italy:
Natale lasts three days, from December 24th till 26th. However, Natale traditions vary from one region to another one and, depending on the region it is Babo Natale (Father Christmas) or the "Gesu Bambino" (Little Jesus) who brings gifts on December 25th. The Italian Christmas dessert is "Panettone".
Scandinavian Countries:
During the Christmas Dinner, Scandinavian people reserve a place for the souls of the deceased members of their family. Once they finish to eat, they read the bible. The whole family is singing Christmas songs and dance around the Christmas tree.
Other European countries:
In Romania, on December 24th, there is a Christmas candle burning until the morning of December 25th. In Russia, Christmas Day happens on January 7th, according to the Orthodox calendar. In Greece the Christmas period begins on Christmas Eve and ends at the Epiphany. Christmas is less important than Easter.
USA:
The Saturday after Thanksgiving, Santa Claus is coming to announce the beginning of the Christmas shopping season. American people love to celebrate Christmas and set up a decorated Christmas in their home. Children hang empty stocks empty on the fireplace and on the Christmas morning they find them filled with candy and small toys.
Canada:
Houses, shops and streets are decorated with lights. Canadian people decorate their house with a Christmas tree, a Christmas wrap, a Christmas Crib... After the "Midnight Mass" people have a Christmas Eve with their family. Turkey and the Christmas log are the essential ingredients of a Canadian Christmas Dinner. They send greeting cards to their friends and family who live far away.
South America:
Peruvian people have Christmas parties but also learn to live better on christmas time. Their Christmas season lasts a full week. Mexican people celebrate Christmas with Las Posadas (pilgrimages representing the path by the Mary and Joseph). They celebrate the last Posada on the Christmas morning and then start the Christmas dinner. I Guatemala, immigrants have imported their German customs and the Christmas tree is essential but the Christmas gifts are reserved to the children. Gift exchange for adults is on January 1st.
Australia:
Christmas happens during the summertime, so Australian people celebrate Christmas at the beach. People eat cold turkey and pudding.
New Zealand:
If there are few decorations, New Zealand people organize Christmas parades and people sing in the parks. They also organize their famous "Christmas barbecue".
Japan:
Christmas is merely commercial significance in Japan. This festival represents Saint Nicholas and it is an opportunity to offer gifts to small children.
China:
If Christmas Day is not a holiday, Christmas is celebrated in Chinese cities. This festival was imported into this country by foreign missionaries. For the Chinese people who celebrate it, Christmas is a religious event.
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Prosperity66 is an European History, Holidays and Tarot cards passionate. She writes articles and creates websites dedicated to these subjects.
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Tuesday, January 29, 2013
Baby Shower Thank You Note - Tips And Wording Ideas For Your Shower Thank You Cards
It's time to write each baby shower thank you note, but with so much on your mind the words may be harder to come by. Here are some ideas to make writing your shower thank you cards a snap.
A Few Quick Etiquette and Wording Tips
o Hand write your thank you notes. Avoid writing more than four thank you notes at a time to keep your handwriting neat.
Baby Shower Thank You Note - Tips And Wording Ideas For Your Shower Thank You Cards
o Always mention the specific gift in your thank yous.
o Use the word "you" more than the word "I" to emphasize your gratitude for your friends and loved ones.
o The host of the baby shower often receives a thank you gift such as candy, a picture frame, or an engraved bracelet or locket.
o Send your baby shower thank you notes within two weeks of the shower in the actual mail. If you're running late, remember, a late thank you card is better than no thank you at all.
Use a poem.
Write your own original poem or use a famous poem from literature to express your thanks. Some people like to write a poem from the baby's point of view or just a short, poem to say thank you. Here a baby shower thank you poem that I wrote. You can use it as a guide or copy into your card: (for your personal non-commercial use only)
I wanted to say thank you.
Daddy says thank you, too.
Baby will say thanks I'm sure
right around when she turns two.
Try a famous quote.
Look up thank you quotes online or in a book of quotations, and add a line of your own. Here is an example:
The quote: "Every gift from a friend is a wish for your happiness." ~ Richard Bach
Then you add: Thank you for the lovely insert gift, and your wishes of happiness for our growing family.
Use this fill-in-the-blank baby shower thank you note:
Thank you for the choose one: adorable, beautiful, thoughtful insert gift.
Choose one of these for the second sentence:
The baby will love it.
It will definitely come in handy.
Choose one of these lines for the third sentence:
You always pick the cutest gifts.
You are a dear and thoughtful friend.
Then close the letter with, "Thanks again." Sign your letter, "Love" "Sincerely," "Warm Regards," and your signature.
Now you have a variety of ways to share your gratitude with your generous friends. Don't forget. If you're fingers are swollen, you can always have Daddy help you. Congratulations on your growing family!
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Visit Baby Shower Thank You Notes for free, ready to copy, gift-specific thank you notes, quotes, sayings and free printable thank you cards. Christy Murphy is the creator of My-Thank-You-Site.com. She has appeared on numerous radio and television shows including CNN's Showbiz Today, CBS News, and Australia's Seven News.
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Friday, January 25, 2013
Banking Fraud - Prevention and Control
Banking Fraud is posing threat to Indian Economy. Its vibrant effect can be understood be the fact that in the year 2004 number of Cyber Crime were 347 in India which rose to 481 in 2005 showing an increase of 38.5% while I.P.C. category crime stood at 302 in 2005 including 186 cases of cyber fraud and 68 cases cyber forgery. Thus it becomes very important that occurrence of such frauds should be minimized. More upsetting is the fact that such frauds are entering in Banking Sector as well.
In the present day, Global Scenario Banking System has acquired new dimensions. Banking did spread in India. Today, the banking system has entered into competitive markets in areas covering resource mobilization, human resource development, customer services and credit management as well.
Indian's banking system has several outstanding achievements to its credit, the most striking of which is its reach. In fact, Indian banks are now spread out into the remotest areas of our country. Indian banking, which was operating in a highly comfortable and protected environment till the beginning of 1990s, has been pushed into the choppy waters of intense competition.
Banking Fraud - Prevention and Control
A sound banking system should possess three basic characteristics to protect depositor's interest and public faith. Theses are (i) a fraud free culture, (ii) a time tested Best Practice Code, and (iii) an in house immediate grievance remedial system. All these conditions are their missing or extremely weak in India. Section 5(b) of the Banking Regulation Act, 1949 defines banking... "Banking is the accepting for the purpose of lending or investment, deposits of money from the purpose of lending or investment, deposits of money from the public, repayable on demand or otherwise and withdraw able by cheque, draft, order or otherwise." But if his money has fraudulently been drawn from the bank the latter is under strict obligation to pay the depositor. The bank therefore has to ensure at all times that the money of the depositors is not drawn fraudulently. Time has come when the security aspects of the banks have to be dealt with on priority basis.
The banking system in our country has been taking care of all segments of our socio-economic set up. The Article contains a discussion on the rise of banking frauds and various methods that can be used to avoid such frauds. A bank fraud is a deliberate act of omission or commission by any person carried out in the course of banking transactions or in the books of accounts, resulting in wrongful gain to any person for a temporary period or otherwise, with or without any monetary loss to the bank. The relevant provisions of Indian Penal Code, Criminal Procedure Code, Indian Contract Act, and Negotiable Instruments Act relating to banking frauds has been cited in the present Article.
EVOLUTION OF BANKING SYSTEM IN INDIA
Banking system occupies an important place in a nation's economy. A banking institution is indispensable in a modern society. It plays a pivotal role in economic development of a country and forms the core of the money market in an advanced country.
Banking industry in India has traversed a long way to assume its present stature. It has undergone a major structural transformation after the nationalization of 14 major commercial banks in 1969 and 6 more on 15 April 1980. The Indian banking system is unique and perhaps has no parallels in the banking history of any country in the world.
RESERVE BANK OF INDIA-ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL OBJECTIVE
The Reserve Bank of India has an important role to play in the maintenance of the exchange value of the rupee in view of the close interdependence of international trade and national economic growth and well being. This aspect is of the wider responsibly of the central bank for the maintenance of economic and financial stability. For this the bank is entrusted with the custody and the management of country's international reserves; it acts also as the agent of the government in respect of India's membership of the international monetary fund. With economic development the bank also performs a variety of developmental and promotional functions which in the past were registered being outside the normal purview of central banking. It also acts an important regulator.
BANK FRAUDS: CONCEPT AND DIMENSIONS
Banks are the engines that drive the operations in the financial sector, which is vital for the economy. With the nationalization of banks in 1969, they also have emerged as engines for social change. After Independence, the banks have passed through three stages. They have moved from the character based lending to ideology based lending to today competitiveness based lending in the context of India's economic liberalization policies and the process of linking with the global economy.
While the operations of the bank have become increasingly significant banking frauds in banks are also increasing and fraudsters are becoming more and more sophisticated and ingenious. In a bid to keep pace with the changing times, the banking sector has diversified it business manifold. And the old philosophy of class banking has been replaced by mass banking. The challenge in management of social responsibility with economic viability has increased.
DEFINITION OF FRAUD
Fraud is defined as "any behavior by which one person intends to gain a dishonest advantage over another". In other words , fraud is an act or omission which is intended to cause wrongful gain to one person and wrongful loss to the other, either by way of concealment of facts or otherwise.
Fraud is defined u/s 421 of the Indian Penal Code and u/s 17 of the Indian Contract Act. Thus essential elements of frauds are:
1. There must be a representation and assertion;
2. It must relate to a fact;
3. It must be with the knowledge that it is false or without belief in its truth; and
4. It must induce another to act upon the assertion in question or to do or not to do certain act.
BANK FRAUDS
Losses sustained by banks as a result of frauds exceed the losses due to robbery, dacoity, burglary and theft-all put together. Unauthorized credit facilities are extended for illegal gratification such as case credit allowed against pledge of goods, hypothecation of goods against bills or against book debts. Common modus operandi are, pledging of spurious goods, inletting the value of goods, hypothecating goods to more than one bank, fraudulent removal of goods with the knowledge and connivance of in negligence of bank staff, pledging of goods belonging to a third party. Goods hypothecated to a bank are found to contain obsolete stocks packed in between goods stocks and case of shortage in weight is not uncommon.
An analysis made of cases brings out broadly the under mentioned four major elements responsible for the commission of frauds in banks.
1. Active involvement of the staff-both supervisor and clerical either independent of external elements or in connivance with outsiders.
2. Failure on the part of the bank staff to follow meticulously laid down instructions and guidelines.
3. External elements perpetuating frauds on banks by forgeries or manipulations of cheques, drafts and other instruments.
4. There has been a growing collusion between business, top banks executives, civil servants and politicians in power to defraud the banks, by getting the rules bent, regulations flouted and banking norms thrown to the winds.
FRAUDS-PREVENTION AND DETECTION
A close study of any fraud in bank reveals many common basic features. There may have been negligence or dishonesty at some stage, on part of one or more of the bank employees. One of them may have colluded with the borrower. The bank official may have been putting up with the borrower's sharp practices for a personal gain. The proper care which was expected of the staff, as custodians of banks interest may not have been taken. The bank's rules and procedures laid down in the Manual instructions and the circulars may not have been observed or may have been deliberately ignored.
Bank frauds are the failure of the banker. It does not mean that the external frauds do not defraud banks. But if the banker is upright and knows his job, the task of defrauder will become extremely difficult, if not possible.
Detection of Frauds
Despite all care and vigilance there may still be some frauds, though their number, periodicity and intensity may be considerably reduced. The following procedure would be very helpful if taken into consideration:
1. All relevant data-papers, documents etc. Should be promptly collected. Original vouchers or other papers forming the basis of the investigation should be kept under lock and key.
2. All persons in the bank who may be knowing something about the time, place a modus operandi of the fraud should be examined and their statements should be recorded.
3. The probable order of events should thereafter be reconstructed by the officer, in his own mind.
4. It is advisable to keep the central office informed about the fraud and further developments in regard thereto.
Classification of Frauds and Action Required by Banks
The Reserve Bank of India had set-up a high level committee in 1992 which was headed by Mr. A... Ghosh, the then Dy. Governor Reserve Bank of India to inquire into various aspects relating to frauds malpractice in banks. The committee had noticed/observed three major causes for perpetration of fraud as given hereunder:
1. Laxity in observance of the laid down system and procedures by operational and supervising staff.
2. Over confidence reposed in the clients who indulged in breach of trust.
3. Unscrupulous clients by taking advantages of the laxity in observance of established, time tested safeguards also committed frauds.
In order to have uniformity in reporting cases of frauds, RBI considered the question of classification of bank frauds on the basis of the provisions of the IPC.
Given below are the Provisions and their Remedial measures that can be taken.
1. Cheating (Section 415, IPC)
Remedial Measures.
The preventive measures in respect of the cheating can be concentrated on cross-checking regarding identity, genuineness, verification of particulars, etc. in respect of various instruments as well as persons involved in encashment or dealing with the property of the bank.
2. Criminal misappropriation of property (Section 403 IPC).
Remedial Measure
Criminal misappropriation of property, presuppose the custody or control of funds or property, so subjected, with that of the person committing such frauds. Preventive measures, for this class of fraud should be taken at the level the custody or control of the funds or property of the bank generally vests. Such a measure should be sufficient, it is extended to these persons who are actually handling or having actual custody or control of the fund or movable properties of the bank.
3. Criminal breach of trust (Section 405, IPC)
Remedial Measure
Care should be taken from the initial step when a person comes to the bank. Care needs to be taken at the time of recruitment in bank as well.
4. Forgery (Section 463, IPC)
Remedial Measure
Both the prevention and detection of frauds through forgery are important for a bank. Forgery of signatures is the most frequent fraud in banking business. The bank should take special care when the instrument has been presented either bearer or order; in case a bank pays forged instrument he would be liable for the loss to the genuine costumer.
5. Falsification of accounts (Section 477A)
Remedial Measure
Proper diligence is required while filling of forms and accounts. The accounts should be rechecked on daily basis.
6. Theft (Section 378, IPC)
Remedial Measures
Encashment of stolen' cheque can be prevented if the bank clearly specify the age, sex and two visible identify action marks on the body of the person traveler's cheques on the back of the cheque leaf. This will help the paying bank to easily identify the cheque holder. Theft from lockers and safe deposit vaults are not easy to commit because the master-key remains with the banker and the individual key of the locker is handed over to the costumer with due acknowledgement.
7. Criminal conspiracy (Section 120 A, IPC)
In the case of State of Andhra Pradesh v. IBS Prasad Rao and Other, the accused, who were clerks in a cooperative Central Bank were all convicted of the offences of cheating under Section 420 read along with Section 120 A. all the four accused had conspired together to defraud the bank by making false demand drafts and receipt vouchers.
8. Offences relating to currency notes and banks notes (Section 489 A-489E, IPC)
These sections provide for the protection of currency-notes and bank notes from forgery. The offences under section are:
(a) Counterfeiting currency notes or banks.
(b) Selling, buying or using as genuine, forged or counterfeit currency notes or bank notes. Knowing the same to be forged or counterfeit.
(c) Possession of forged or counterfeit currency notes or bank-notes, knowing or counterfeit and intending to use the same as genuine.
(d) Making or passing instruments or materials for forging or counterfeiting currency notes or banks.
(e) Making or using documents resembling currency-notes or bank notes.
Most of the above provisions are Cognizable Offences under Section 2(c) of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973.
FRAUD PRONE AREAS IN DIFFERENT ACCOUNTS
The following are the potential fraud prone areas in Banking Sector. In addition to those areas I have also given kinds of fraud that are common in these areas.
Savings Bank Accounts
The following are some of the examples being played in respect of savings bank accounts:
(a) Cheques bearing the forged signatures of depositors may be presented and paid.
(b) Specimen signatures of the depositors may be changed, particularly after the death of depositors,
(c) Dormant accounts may be operated by dishonest persons with or without collusion of bank employees, and
(d) Unauthorized withdrawals from customer's accounts by employee of the bank maintaining the savings ledger and later destruction of the recent vouchers by them.
Current Account Fraud
The following types are likely to be committed in case of current accounts.
(a) Opening of frauds in the names of limited companies or firms by unauthorized persons;
(b) Presentation and payment of cheques bearing forged signatures;
(c) Breach of trust by the employees of the companies or firms possessing cheque leaves duly signed by the authorized signatures;
(d) Fraudulent alteration of the amount of the cheques and getting it paid either at the counter or though another bank.
Frauds In Case Of Advances
Following types may be committed in respect of advances:
(a) Spurious gold ornaments may be pledged.
(b) Sub-standard goods may be pledged with the bank or their value may be shown at inflated figures.
(c) Same goods may be hypothecated in favour of different banks.
LEGAL REGIME TO CONTROL BANK FRAUDS
Frauds constitute white-collar crime, committed by unscrupulous persons deftly advantage of loopholes existing in systems/procedures. The ideal situation is one there is no fraud, but taking ground realities of the nation's environment and human nature's fragility, an institution should always like to keep the overreach of frauds at the minimum occurrence level.
Following are the relevant sections relating to Bank Frauds
Indian Penal Code (45 of 1860)
(a) Section 23 "Wrongful gain".-
"Wrongful gain" is gain by unlawful means of property to which the person gaining is not legally entitled.
(b) "Wrongful loss"
"Wrongful loss" is the loss by unlawful means of property to which the person losing it is legally entitled.
(c) Gaining wrongfully.
Losing wrongfully-A person is said to gain wrongfully when such person retains wrongfully, as well as when such person acquires wrongfully. A person is said to lose wrongfully when such person is wrongfully kept out of any property, as well as when such person is wrongfully deprived of property.
(d) Section 24. "Dishonestly"
Whoever does anything with the intention of causing wrongful gain to one person or wrongful loss to another person, is said to do that thing "dishonestly".
(e) Section 28. "Counterfeit"
A person is said to "counterfeit" who causes one thing to resemble another thing, intending by means of that resemblance to practice deception, or knowing it to be likely that deception will thereby be practiced.
BREACH OF TRUST
1. Section 408- Criminal breach of trust by clerk or servant.
2. Section 409- Criminal breach of trust by public servant, or by banker, merchant or agent.
3. Section 416- Cheating by personating
4. Section 419- Punishment for cheating by personation.
OFFENCES RELATING TO DOCMENTS
1) Section 463-Forgery
2) Section 464 -Making a false document
3) Section 465- Punishment for forgery.
4) Section 467- Forgery of valuable security, will, etc
5) Section 468- Forgery for purpose of cheating
6) Section 469- Forgery for purpose of harming reputation
7) Section 470- Forged document.
8) Section 471- Using as genuine a forged document
9) Section 477- Fraudulent cancellation, destruction, etc., of will, authority to adopt, or valuable security.
10) Section 477A- Falsification of accounts.
THE RESERVE BANK OF INDIA ACT, 1934
Issue of demand bills and notes Section 31.
Provides that only Bank and except provided by Central Government shall be authorized to draw, accept, make or issue any bill of exchange, hundi, promissory note or engagement for the payment of money payable to bearer on demand, or borrow, owe or take up any sum or sums of money on the bills, hundis or notes payable to bearer on demand of any such person
THE NEGOTIABLE INSTRUMENTS ACT, 1881
Holder's right to duplicate of lost bill Section 45A.
1. The finder of lost bill or note acquires no title to it. The title remains with the true owner. He is entitled to recover from the true owner.
2. If the finder obtains payment on a lost bill or note in due course, the payee may be able to get a valid discharge for it. But the true owner can recover the money due on the instrument as damages from the finder.
Section 58
When an Instrument is obtained by unlawful means or for unlawful consideration no possessor or indorse who claims through the person who found or so obtained the instrument is entitled to receive the amount due thereon from such maker, acceptor or holder, or from any party prior to such holder, unless such possessor or indorse is, or some person through whom he claims was, a holder thereof in due course.
Section 85:
Cheque payable to order.
1. By this section, bankers are placed in privileged position. It provides that if an order cheque is indorsed by or on behalf of the payee, and the banker on whom it is drawn pays it in due course, the banker is discharged. He can debit his customer with the amount so paid, though the endorsement of the payee might turn out to be a forgery.
2. The claim protection under this section the banker has to prove that the payment was a payment in due course, in good faith and without negligence.
Section 87. Effect of material alteration
Under this section any alteration made without the consent of party would be void. Alteration would be valid only if is made with common intention of the party.
Section 138. Dishonour of cheque for insufficiency, etc., of funds in the account.
Where any cheque drawn by a person on an account maintained by him with a banker for payment of any amount of money to another person from out of that account for the discharge, in whole or in part, of any debt or other liability, is returned by the bank unpaid. either because of the amount of money standing to the credit of that account is insufficient to honour the cheque or that it exceeds the amount arranged to be paid from that account by an agreement made with that bank, such person shall be deemed to have committed an offence and shall, without prejudice.
Section 141(1) Offences by companies.
If the person committing an offence under Section 138 is a company, every person who, at the time the offence was committed, was in charge of, and was responsible to, the company for the conduct of the business of the company, as well as the company, shall be deemed to be guilty of the offence and shall be liable to be proceeded against and punished accordingly.
SECURITY REGIME IN BANKING SYSTEM
Security implies sense of safety and of freedom from danger or anxiety. When a banker takes a collateral security, say in the form of gold or a title deed, against the money lent by him, he has a sense of safety and of freedom from anxiety about the possible non-payment of the loan by the borrower. These should be communicated to all strata of the organization through appropriate means. Before staff managers should analyze current practices. Security procedure should be stated explicitly and agreed upon by each user in the specific environment. Such practices ensure information security and enhance availability. Bank security is essentially a defense against unforced attacks by thieves, dacoits and burglars.
PHYSICAL SECURITY MEASURES-CONCEPT
A large part of banks security depends on social security measures. Physical security measures can be defined as those specific and special protective or defensive measures adopted to deter, detect, delay, defend and defeat or to perform any one or more of these functions against culpable acts, both covert and covert and acclamations natural events. The protective or defensive, measures adopted involve construction, installation and deployment of structures, equipment and persons respectively.
The following are few guidelines to check malpractices:
1. To rotate the cash work within the staff.
2. One person should not continue on the same seat for more than two months.
3. Daybook should not be written by the Cashier where an other person is available to the job
4. No cash withdrawal should be allowed within passbook in case of withdrawal by pay order.
5. The branch manager should ensure that all staff members have recorder their presence in the attendance registrar, before starting work.
Execution of Documents
1. A bank officer must adopt a strict professional approach in the execution of documents. The ink and the pen used for the execution must be maintained uniformly.
2. Bank documents should not be typed on a typewriter for execution. These should be invariably handwritten for execution.
3. The execution should always be done in the presence of the officer responsible for obtain them,
4. The borrowers should be asked to sign in full signatures in same style throughout the documents.
5. Unless there is a specific requirement in the document, it should not be got attested or witnessed as such attestation may change the character of the instruments and the documents may subject to ad volrem stamp duty.
6. The paper on which the bank documents are made should be pilfer proof. It should be unique and available to the banks only.
7. The printing of the bank documents should have highly artistic intricate and complex graphics.
8. The documents executed between Banker and Borrowers must be kept in safe custody,
CHANGES IN LEGISLATIONS AFTER ELECTRONIC TRANSACTIONS
1. Section 91 of IPC shall be amended to include electronic documents also.
2. Section 92 of Indian Evidence Act, 1872 shall be amended to include commuter based communications
3. Section 93 of Bankers Book Evidence Act, 1891 has been amended to give legal sanctity for books of account maintained in the electronic form by the banks.
4. Section 94 of the Reserve Bank of India Act, 1939 shall be amended to facilitate electronic fund transfers between the financial institutions and the banks. A new clause (pp) has been inserted in Section 58(2).
RECENT TRENDS OF BANKING SYSTEM IN INDIA
In the banking and financial sectors, the introduction of electronic technology for transactions, settlement of accounts, book-keeping and all other related functions is now an imperative. Increasingly, whether we like it or not, all banking transactions are going to be electronic. The thrust is on commercially important centers, which account for 65 percent of banking business in terms of value. There are now a large number of fully computerized branches across the country.
A switchover from cash-based transactions to paper-based transactions is being accelerated. Magnetic Ink character recognition clearing of cheques is now operational in many cities, beside the four metro cities. In India, the design, management and regulation of electronically-based payments system are becoming the focus of policy deliberations. The imperatives of developing an effective, efficient and speedy payment and settlement systems are getting sharper with introduction of new instruments such as credit cards, telebanking, ATMs, retail Electronic Funds Transfer (EFT) and Electronic Clearing Services (ECS). We are moving towards smart cards, credit and financial Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) for straight through processing.
Financial Fraud (Investigation, Prosecution, Recovery and Restoration of property) Bill, 2001
Further the Financial Fraud (Investigation, Prosecution, Recovery and Restoration of property) Bill, 2001 was introduced in Parliament to curb the menace of Bank Fraud. The Act was to prohibit, control, investigate financial frauds; recover and restore properties subject to such fraud; prosecute for causing financial fraud and matters connected therewith or incidental thereto.
Under the said act the term Financial Fraud has been defined as under:
Section 512 - Financial Fraud
Financial frauds means and includes any of the following acts committed by a person or with his connivance, or by his agent, in his dealings with any bank or financial institution or any other entity holding public funds;
1. The suggestion, as a fact, of that which is not true, by one who does not believe it to be true;
2. The active concealment of a fact by one having knowledge or belief of the fact;
3. A promise made with out any intention of performing it;
4. Any other act fitted to deceive;
5. Any such act or omission as the law specially declares to be fraudulent.
Provided that whoever acquires, possesses or transfers any proceeds of financial fraud or enters into any transaction which is related to proceeds of fraud either directly or indirectly or conceals or aids in the concealment of the proceeds of financial fraud, commits financial fraud.
513(a) - Punishment for Financial Fraud
Whoever commits financial fraud shall be: (a) Punished with rigorous imprisonment for a term, which may extend to seven years and shall also be liable to fine.
(b)Whoever commits serious financial fraud shall be punished with rigorous imprisonment for a term which may extend to ten years but shall not be less than five years and shall also be liable for fine up to double the amount involved in such fraud.
Provided that in both (a) and (b) all funds, bank accounts and properties acquired using such funds subjected to the financial fraud as may reasonably be attributed by the investigating agency shall be recovered and restored to the rightful owner according to the procedure established by law.
CONCLUSION
The Indian Banking Industry has undergone tremendous growth since nationalization of 14 banks in the year 1969. There has an almost eight times increase in the bank branches from about 8000 during 1969 to mote than 60,000 belonging to 289 commercial banks, of which 66 banks are in private sector.
It was the result of two successive Committees on Computerization (Rangarajan Committee) that set the tone for computerization in India. While the first committee drew the blue print in 1983-84 for the mechanization and computerization in banking industry, the second committee set up in 1989 paved the way for integrated use of telecommunications and computers for applying technogical breakthroughs in banking sector.
However, with the spread of banking and banks, frauds have been on a constant increase. It could be a natural corollary to increase in the number of customers who are using banks these days. In the year 2000 alone we have lost Rs 673 crores in as many as 3,072 number of fraud cases. These are only reported figures. Though, this is 0.075% of Rs 8,96,696 crores of total deposits and 0.15% of Rs 4,44,125 crores of loans & advances, there are any numbers of cases that are not reported. There were nearly 65,800 bank branches of a total of 295 commercial banks in India as on June 30, 2001 reporting a total of nearly 3,072 bank fraud cases. This makes nearly 10.4 frauds per bank and roughly 0.47 frauds per branch.
An Expert Committee on Bank Frauds (Chairman: Dr.N.L.Mitra) submitted its Report to RBI in September 2001. The Committee examined and suggested both the preventive and curative aspects of bank frauds.
The important recommendations of the Committee include:
o A need for including financial fraud as a criminal offence;
o Amendments to the IPC by including a new chapter on financial fraud;
o Amendments to the Evidence Act to shift the burden of proof on the accused person;
o Special provision in the Cr. PC for properties involved in the Financial Fraud.
o Confiscating unlawful gains; and preventive measures including the development of Best Code Procedures by banks and financial institutions.
Thus it can be concluded that following measures should necessarily be adopted by the Ministry of Finance in order to reduce cases of Fraud.
o There must be a Special Court to try financial fraud cases of serious nature.
o The law should provide separate structural and recovery procedure. Every bank must have a domestic enquiry officer to enquire about the civil dimension of fraud.
o A fraud involving an amount of ten crore of rupees and above may be considered serious and be tried in the Special Court.
The Twenty-ninth Report of the Law Commission had dealt some categories of crimes one of which is "offences calculated to prevent and obstruct the economic development of the country and endanger its economic health." Offences relating to Banking Fraud will fall under this category. The most important feature of such offences is that ordinarily they do not involve an individual direct victim. They are punishable because they harm the whole society. It is clear that money involved in Bank belongs to public. They deposit there whole life' security in Banks and in case of Dacoity or Robbery in banks the public will be al lost. Thus it is important that sufficient efforts should be taken in this regard.
There exists a new kind of threat in cyber world. Writers are referring it as "Salami Attack" under this a special software is used for transferring the amount from the account of the individual. Hence the culprits of such crimes should be found quickly and should be given strict punishment. Moreover there is requirement of more number of IT professionals who will help in finding a solution against all these security threats.
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Written By:
Apoorva Yadav and Juhi Malviya,
Final Year, National Law Institute University, Bhopal.
1. Extracts from the paper presented by Dr. Srinivasan, National Seminar on Economic Crimes, and Committee on Criminal Justice Reforms, International Institute of Revenue Research.
2. Report on Trend and Progress of Banking in India, 2001, p. 73, Rath DP, RBI, 2001.
3. Banking System, Frauds and Legal Control, R.P Nainta, Deep & Deep Publications Pvt. Ltd., 2005
4. H.L. Bedi, V.K Hardikar, Practical Banking (Advances) 1982, p.472
5. B.R Sharma, Bank Frauds Prevention and Detection (2001), p. 33
6. The H.P State Cooperative Bank Ltd., H.O No. 66/2001, dated 9.8.2001.
7. State of Andhra Pradesh v. IBS Prasad Rao and Other AIR 1970, SC 648;
8. V.C. Shukla v. State (1980), 25 CC 665.
9. S.N Maheshwari, Banking Law and Practice (1994), p. 635
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Tuesday, January 22, 2013
Two Player Card Games
Two player card games are played for fun and are easy to learn. There are classic two player games and specialty deck card games. Classic two player games can be played with a regular deck of cards. Classic two player games include Bezique, Cribbage, Speed, Crazy Eights, Go Fish and Piquet. Special deck cards are used in specialty deck card games. They include games such as Uno and Phase Ten.
Bezique is a two player card game played with 4 sets of 32 cards. The popular form of Bezique is the Rubicon Bezique. Each player receives nine cards and the remaining cards become the stock. Certain combinations of cards score various points. Pinochle is a two player card game derived from Bezique. Cribbage is a two player card game played with a deck of 52 cards. The scoring device in this game is known as the Cribbage Board. Each player receives six cards. The object of the game is to achieve up to 31 cards. Each player scores points for each series. Costly Colours is a two player game similar to Cribbage. Piquet is a popular two player card game with a deck of 32 cards. The points are given to most cards in a suit, sequence and highest set.
Go Fish is a simple card game popular among children. One player asks another for cards of a particular rank. The player has to place all cards of a particular rank. If the player has no cards of that rank, he says Go Fish. Uno is played with a specially printed deck of cards. Each player receives 7 cards. The player has to play a card that matches the special effect of the exposed card. The special effects in Uno are skip, draw two, reverse and wild.
Two Player Card Games
Crazy Eights is another two player card game. It is played with a 52 card pack. Each player receives 7 cards. The aim is to get rid of the cards by matching the number of previous discard. Spit or Speed is a two player card game with a 52 card pack. Each player receives 26 cards. The aim of a player is to dispose of the cards as fast as possible. Physical speed and alertness is necessary in this game.
Online two player games are also available. The game is played against an online opponent or the computer. Online two player games have user interface, customizable graphics, sound and scoring options. Ecarte and Euchre are popular online games.
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Card Games provides detailed information on Card Games, Online Card Games, Free Card Games, Poker Card Games and more. Card Games is affiliated with Mahjong Tiles.
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Sunday, January 20, 2013
Beating Cherry Master Slot Machines - Beating Slot Machines Takes Knowledge But is Possible
Cherry master machines and fruit bonus machines are a line of back room slot machines that are usually played in back room locations. They are a version of a slot machine but not nearly as intricate as a casino style slot machine. To beat cherry masters is as easy as picking the right system for the right machine. Some cherry master machines are not beatable so make sure the machine you find is on the list. I had a friend that did this and can say that I did see this work in person. It was hard to believe but very real.
To figure out the type of cherry machine you are dealing with you need to follow these guidelines. Sit back and watch the screens the game goes through while it is not being played. Determine the company that makes the machine. When the game screen flashes you can see the name in the upper left corner. It is either a "Dyna" or a "Game". These are two separate company's and make most of all cherry masters.
Oker Chips
Then watch as the different screens show. The title screen will show the name of the program and sometimes the maker. The game screen will show you what program it uses. You need to look at certain aspects of that screen to determine how to play that particular machine.Also, this screen will usually tell you how high the Cherry and Bell Bonus go. You can usually tell whether or not the cherries go to 12, 9, 6 or 3, and also whether the bells go 7, 3 or 2. The best ones to beat are the ones that cherry's go to 3 and bells go to 2.These will take less time to play and less money to beat.
Beating Cherry Master Slot Machines - Beating Slot Machines Takes Knowledge But is Possible
Now start playing as follow:
Bet one credit and press start. If you do not win, repeat. You want to repeat this until you spin 5 straight times without winning. Once this happens, change your bet to 8 credits and press start. You are looking to see if the program lines up any 3 in a row. It could be organs, plums, and bars, cherries, or bells. It could also give you two 7's any where on the screen. If it gives you any of the winners listed, then the program is beatable. You can now play out the system. But if it fails to do this by giving you a winner of some other type, like one cherry, or lined up two cherries, then you will repeat the system continually until either you have gotten a true winner (lined something up) or until you are reasonably certain that you won't. You may want to play off 4 or 5 dollars worth of credits. If it doesn't give you a true winner and you think that it has a burnt chip, then DO NOT play this machine. It probably has a fail safe added.
To beat cherry masters simply memorize the details and be patient. We will be writing a very interesting article soon on beating slot machines in casinos. These beatable versions were more abundant back in the late 90's, but can still be found at over 70% of casinos.
Beating Cherry Master Slot Machines - Beating Slot Machines Takes Knowledge But is Possible
Read more on how you can beat cherry masters [http://www.therakebackmafia.com] under the articles tab with other gambling articles.
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Monday, January 14, 2013
Totally Free Credit Card Money You Never Have To Pay Back
Getting free money from credit cards that never has to be paid back seems to be beyond most people's ability to comprehend. Most use a card and then keep paying and paying for many years to come as the interest keeps adding up. Some people that have lost jobs and can't pay somehow accidentally discover how to do it when they're looking for alternatives.
When card companies send you a new card they give you an account limit which is the amount of free money you're entitled to. So why do they really do it that way? If they set your limit at ,000 it gives them an additional ,000 of assets on the banks books. You are doing them a favor and not the other way around. "Modern Money Mechanics" can be downloaded from any search engine. It is a training manual for the Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago explaining to young bankers how the system works.
You need only to carefully plan what you're going to use this free money for. If you had four of these ,000 limit accounts you could pick the car of your dreams, purchase land or even a home while real estate prices are at rock bottom while those that don't know the secret are applying for a vehicle or real estate loan.
Totally Free Credit Card Money You Never Have To Pay Back
Is it fraudulent to do something like that? Absolutely not! When you get down to it, the only fraud that's taking place is by the banks, Wall Street insiders and card companies. They are the swindlers, you are the victim. As a matter of fact the banking scheme is the reason we are in a depression that is misleadingly called a recession.
To totally understand the free money concept use the search term "the gig is up - money the Federal Reserve and you" which shows you how the banker's game works and exactly why we are in this devastating financial state of affairs brought about totally by greed.
Fake money is pulled out of thin and is paid in full by your signature so it belongs to you and it's totally free so you don't need to pay again like everybody believes. The scare tactic banks use to keep the population under control is called the debt collections industry and their scheme is also a total fake.
When someone discovers the bankers' tactics federal law kicks in and the bank must remove the account plus the other 90% of fictitious money after six months of nonpayment. Banks hate it when you find out so the only thing they can do to punish you is to sell your account information to a collector and he will attempt to drive you nuts over the phone demanding you give him your money for no reason whatsoever.
Fortunately the federal government has laws against that too and you can find it using the search term "FTC debt video" which describes the necessary legal actions to make collectors find a real job instead of using their telemarketing scare tactics to take your money.
Look back at that government video again to see the only thing these people can get away with telling you is what a really nice person you are. Anything less will lead to more money for you. Search terms such as "man wins .5 million from collector" or "woman sues collector wins .1 million" show just how easy it is.
Well free money crusader, bet you don't even know credit reporting agencies operate totally illegally under federal law and must remove any item you tell them to remove or show proof which they don't have.
They operate just like the fake money system except they're much smarter than bankers. There's a 00 fine for each violation but being smarter than bankers, they always remove the disputed item so there's no free stuff here but you'll have a great credit report. Section 609 of the Fair Credit Reporting Act explains how that works.
Turning the tables on these swindlers is your patriotic duty. When you take all the free credit card money that you never need to pay back, you are doing the country a favor by lowering the national debt by that small amount. It's good for you, our country and it's good for the greedy banking system because somebody has to keep them honest!
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If you want affordable expert professional legal help to beat collectors, restore credit scores, answer your collection calls and get the most advanced cutting edge educational materials to regain your financial integrity then visit [http://www.philscircle.com] or http://www.creditcarddebtprotection.com and never worry about money again!
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